2016年8月8日星期一

除却巫山不是云

创世记三十八章

他玛假扮妓女引诱犹大

我们从古代社会文化和性别政治的视角(social and gender politics perspectives),来解读犹大和他玛的叙事。
正当约瑟被哥哥们卖到埃及,离开迦南地父家时,他的哥哥犹大,却自动离开家庭,独自到了亚杜兰地方找朋友。他在那里娶了迦南人书亚的女儿为妻。犹大娶迦南人女子,反映他道德上走下坡的光景。书亚的女儿连续给犹大生了,珥、俄南和示拉。犹大越过父亲的权柄,自己作主娶妻。然而,他却作主,为大儿子珥,娶妻,名叫他玛。
珥在上帝眼中看为恶,被上帝击杀了(7节)。犹大就吩咐二子,俄南娶他玛,生的第一个儿子,就归哥哥为后裔,好替哥哥承接香火。这是古代以色列人『为兄立嗣』,继承家族血脉和产业的传统。在往后,旧约申命记,对此更有明文规定(申二十五5-10)。
俄南虽然娶了他玛,却暗地里不履行责任。他与他玛进行房事时,把精子遗留在地上,使他玛不能怀孕生子。俄南这『有性却不传后』的行动出自私欲,而且违反上帝给亚伯拉罕后裔众多的应许。上帝要保证他所拣选的犹大有『种』,因此上帝厌恶俄南的罪行,就击杀了他。俄南很可能因为想独揽产业,连哥哥,珥那份也要吃掉,因此出此计谋,不为哥哥留后裔。
这时,犹大担心幼子,示拉的性命也会不保,因此打发他玛回娘家,借词等候示拉长大(11节)。他玛服从公公的指示,回娘家,穿上寡妇衣服等候。然而,许多年后,还不见示拉过来迎娶她。这时才发现,原来被犹大欺骗了。他玛是消极的坐以待毙吗?
犹大的妻子死了,守丧之后,犹大就与朋友希拉上亭拿去,到替他的羊群剪羊毛的人那里。有人告诉他玛这事,她就抓住机会,一改过去被动姿态,主动部署一切,将女性身體的支配權和隨之而來的命運,操在自己的手里。
他玛假扮成妓女,在城门等候犹大,引诱这位嫖客入瓮。见面后,他们讨价还价,如同生意交易。他玛取到犹大的贴身信物后,如同得到他的『身份证』,就与他发生关系。事后二人分手,他玛回家不久后,就发现怀孕了!
犹大听说儿媳在守寡期怀孕,就大发雷霆说:『拉她出来,把她烧死!』然而,这次他玛没有乖乖就范,她送还了犹大的『印、带子和杖』。犹大一看见这些信物,就大方承认:『他玛比我更有义!』
犹大接纳了他玛的行为。他玛生下双胞胎,二子法勒斯从后冲出来,继承了犹大的『种』。犹大本来的第三子,“示拉”反而不是被拣选的『种』。法勒斯是大卫王和耶稣的先祖。他玛终于完成为犹大家族立后嗣的心愿,並且是王者, 弥赛亚的后嗣体系。他玛的行动是凭人意的一宗丑闻,但符合神拣选犹大的『种』的旨意。神掌管历史,可以把羞耻变成尊荣。
潜在和动态的性别政治
古代父权至上,社会和家族里的权力与地位,被男性垄断。血脉传承,家谱以及产业分配,都是受到男性所支配。女人的存在意义附属在男性,在于成为妻子和母亲。当时的社会架构下,这是女人在世上重要的使命,甚至是唯一的生存意义。
犹大吩咐他玛回娘家等候,这是不对的,因为她去世了的丈夫还有弟弟示拉。如果说,等候示拉长大(11节),这也是不对,因为这等于说,他玛已经许配了给示拉,因此不可以嫁给别人或者和他人发生性行为。事实是,到了示拉适婚年龄,犹大的确没有守诺言,为示拉迎娶他玛。犹大分明设了骗局,剥夺了他玛成为『妻子和母亲』的权力和身份,把她推到绝境。
他玛非常果敢地反击,甚至把性命都豁出去。她知道犹大妻子死去,居丧期一直没有女人。而且当时适逢剪羊毛的欢庆季节,犹大外出,会多喝几杯酒,变成糊涂。他玛趁机假扮妓女来引诱犹大。经文用几个紧凑的动词描述他玛的行动:『她脱下寡妇的衣裳、用手帕盖住脸、又遮住身体、坐在城门前等候犹大经过』(14节)。他玛目的是引诱犹大和她发生关系,借此可以怀孕生子。换衣服象征她重新担起正常女人的角色,然后她果敢,有计谋地行动,改变自己的命运。
犹大和他玛会面后,进行一轮讨价还价,终于达成了一宗不道德的交易。其实犹大不是刻意召妓,没有随身带钱,因此必须交出信物给他玛。这信物成了伏笔,在日后为他玛洗脱污点。犹大这『不刻意』的行动,颠覆了他之前『刻意』的压迫他玛的计谋!
当犹大的朋友,亚杜兰人送上羊羔,要取回信物时,人们两次回答说:『这里没有妓女。』
这是作者的修辭策略, 目的要点出,他玛不是妓女,而是一个被忽视和受压迫的女子,她本着自己的机智和勇气,为自己解脱困境。最后他玛终于怀孕生子,荣升为以色列之母,因为她怀的乃是以色列君王嫡系的血脉。
旧约叙事里,许多被男权压迫的女人是『被剥夺地位的母亲』(displaced mother),而他玛就是其中的一位。他玛被男人剥夺了成为妻子和母亲的身份,这是她唯一依赖的生存基础。他玛面对厄运,并不是坐以待毙,乃是积极争取本身地位,促成了一幕性别政治的活剧。他玛成功地从女人没地位,没权力的生存现实里突围,成了以色列之母。
圣经叙事也是严肃的文学作品。它证实了希伯来的历史,虽然是族长,家长统治的男权社会历史,但是女人还是能够以自己独特的方式,参与了惊心动魄的政治斗争。这股男女角力,互相平衡或互相抵消,活生生地出现在旧约叙事里,既是潜在又是动态的。
圣经叙事的性别政治在潜移默化地影响和塑造着信仰群体,预示未来的世纪,将要实现一个男女平等的社会。然而,很讽刺的,在现今的发达社会里,开始浮现许多『被剥夺地位的父亲』(displaced father) 。后果是,人们在寻找一个阳刚、硬汉形和负责任的父亲形象,却是失望而归!阴盛阳衰的情况出现在大学里,出现在教会里,也出现在一群娘娘腔,美男般的偶像身上。主内弟兄们,应当兴起来了!
上帝的作为,超越建制
『为兄立后嗣』这制度,乃是古代父权社会的产物,目的纯粹是让男性血脉,不会因为丈夫死了而断绝。这制度符合上帝给族长的应许生养众多,让每个家族成员,都得以繁衍和承受产业。这是为男人设立,又是受到男人支配的制度。然而,讽刺的是,因为某些男人的私心,不惜破坏它。俄南就是怕自己的利益受影响,而表面遵守,却暗地里破坏它。
很讽刺的,他玛,一位女人,因为争取本身的生存權利,不惜冒生命危险,透過一宗不道德的交易,反而成功为犹大家族立后嗣,成就了一宗道德使命。这一位弱质女子,用智慧去争取公平和合理的对待,反而间接代替不负责任的男人,去巩固以男人为本的社会制度。
他玛的名字,在日后出现在以男人为本的大卫-耶稣家谱。他玛的努力最后得到正名。这显出上帝在他玛背后,默默地眷顾她,叫她能够突围,成功抵抗制度偏差带来的压迫。他玛的成就,也巩固这制度,实现了一种性别政治的动态的平衡。這表示出,当建制本身发挥不了正当的作用时,上帝就超越建制的限制,去成就他的旨意。其实我们不可能拥有完美的人为制度。人本来就是不完美的,他会因为自己的私心作祟,亲手将自己设立的制度摧毁。
今天大家所称许的民主制度,无论在国家或者在教会层面里实行,都有它的限制。然而,上帝是超越人为制度,往往当人作茧自搏,被僵化的制度牢笼时,圣灵的风会从天而降,出其不意,超越建制和传统,去成就一件新事,更新信仰群体。
上帝不受限制,他随自己的意思行事,虽然有时候是我们难于接受的。我们必须承认对上帝的认识有限,不能因为上帝做事超乎我们的传统和逻辑,就觉得不可能,教会历史足以证明这点。在黑暗的中世纪,教会建制僵化,制度传统的权威超越圣经教导,不能自我调整时,宗教改革运动如星星之火燎原,一发不可收拾。
回到近代教会发展,传统教会被传统和建制牢笼,失去了活泼,回应处境的能力,譬如:会众还唱着两百年前写下来的圣诗;突然间,灵恩运动从天而降,使到普世教会的敬拜与属灵传统经历大改革,教会生态得以重新洗牌。
承认错误,纠正错误,乃大丈夫所为
犹大检查证据后,承认他玛是无辜的,就说:『她比我更有义』(26节)。这是可圈可点的一句话,等于说他玛没有罪,有罪的是犹大自己。我们可以将犹大和他玛的叙事,放在『犹大-君王-弥赛亚』的框架来看。创世记三十七章至五十章,意图指出约瑟得到长子应有的双倍遗产,而犹大得到君王前身的应许。在这框架内,我们把犹大和他玛作对照,会看出『他玛比我更有义』这句话,拥有丰富的含义。
在为『犹大-君王』一系立后嗣这事上,犹大本身究竟做了什么呢?他离开了家庭,看见喜欢的迦南女子,就娶做为妻,乃是不当的行为。他不为死去儿子哀伤,以残酷的手法对待他玛,显出他的无情。他设骗局,不守信用。他答应把羊羔送给与他见过一次面的妓女,就立刻去做,但对媳妇的承诺,却拖延,迟迟不肯兑现,证明他不顾媳妇的利益,只是紧张自己的利益。犹大的『不关心』媳妇对照他的『不认得』假扮妓女的媳妇,实在很讽刺!
犹大犯上许多错误,还召妓女,但他一次和他玛发生关系,带来两个儿子。犹大借此得以高升,成就了『犹大-君王-弥赛亚』一系。这是上帝给犹大白白的恩典,也证明上帝不受人的错误限制,乃超越人的错误去为人成就大事。
那么他玛又作了什么呢? 如果他玛被犹大识穿了,或者犹大坚持不认帐,他玛可能真的会被烧死!因此他玛是把自己的性命押上去了。他玛要求抵押,表面上因为害怕犹大赖帐,事后不送上一只羊羔,其实是她需要抵押品去保障自己的生命(2425节)!
犹大知道自己理亏,因为不让示拉和他玛圆房,但是他玛坚持,等候,到成功为犹大家怀孕生子,这是她第一层的『有义』。在他玛策划和争取的过程当中,显出女性那种不屈不绕,果敢,坚定的精神,甘愿冒失去名誉,失去尊荣,失去生命,来制造生命,乃是他玛第二层的『有义』。
这么看来,他玛得到高升,成为以色列之母,乃是得来不易。相比下,犹大被上帝拣选,依靠上帝白白的恩典,方成为以色列之父。犹大当然被他玛比下去了!
他玛假扮妓女去引诱公公,乃是不择手段去达到目的,也是不道德。然而,当时没有其他办法,可以帮助他玛解决犹大对她的不公平,他玛的行动等同自卫。况且他玛生长在性开放的迦南人社会里,她的行为在当时是可以被原谅的。不可以忽略一点,他玛没有不守妇道,和他人有不轨行为。她是千方百计瞒骗犹大,以便为犹大家延续香灯。更重要的是,叙述者没有对她的欺诈,做出道德上的评语。
当然犹大也不是一无是处。他最后接纳他玛,显出他的大丈夫风范。犹大方承认自己的错误,接纳他玛怀孕生子,乃是有义的行为。犹大承认做错了,他还把忽略了,错置了的,校对它。他玛所生的两个儿子并不是珥的后代,而是犹大的后代。
犹大的改变非常显著。从娶迦南女子、无情无义的人,日后与约瑟在埃及相认的过程里,甘愿为弟弟牺牲。因为他的改变,使他成了众兄弟的领袖,配得成为君王的前身(四十九10)。也是因为犹大,神成就了当初对亚伯拉罕的应许『君王要从你而出』(十七6)。犹大不愧是以色列的父亲。

2016年6月5日星期日

One Moment in Eden

Gen. 2:15-25
Human Destiny and Marriage
We are here to unveil both the destiny of human kind and marriage between a man and a woman.
Genesis 2:7 says, “Then the Lord formed the man from the dust of the ground. He breathed the breath of life into the man’s nostrils, and the man became a living person.”
Man’s body is a lifeless shell out of the dust of the ground until God brings it alive with his ‘breath of life.’ Once God removes his life-giving breath, our bodies will return to dust. Therefore, our life and worth come from God’s Spirit.
Besides, Genesis 1:27 also says that, humans are created in God’s image (1:27). Thus humans are unique creatures for they have the ability to fellowship with their Creator, and they have spiritual awareness and moral conscience.
Verses 8-14 say, “Then the Lord God planted a garden in Eden in the east, and there he placed the man he had made. The Lord God made all sorts of trees grow up from the ground—trees that were beautiful and that produced delicious fruit. In the middle of the garden he placed the ‘tree of life’ and the ‘tree of the knowledge of good and evil’. A river flowed from the land of Eden, watering the garden and then dividing into four branches. The garden was also filled with gold, beryllium, and onyx stones.”
The above scenery in the Garden of Eden—trees, river and gemstone; also appears later in the design of tabernacle or temple (Exod. 25-27). This shows that the Garden of Eden is a sanctuary-garden because God manifested his presence there in a special way with human beings.
After God had prepared all the good things and riches that human beings desire in the Garden of Eden, again it is said that, the Lord God ‘placed’ the man in the Garden of Eden ‘to tend and watch over it’” (v. 15).
This time the term, ‘place’ has a special connotation, for it is reserved elsewhere for two special uses: God’s “rest” or “safety” which he gives to human beings in the land (eg. Gen 19:16; Deut 3:20; 12:10; 25:19), and the “dedication” of something before the presence of the Lord (Exod 16:33-34; Lev 16:23; Num 17:4; Deut 26:4, 10).
It means the man was ‘placed’ in the Garden to “rest and be safe” and very importantly, “in God’s presence” where he has fellowship with God. (Gen3:8)
God also commanded that the man’s, or Adam’s, responsibility in the Garden of Eden is ‘to tendעָבַד  and watch overשָׁמַר  it’. A more suitable translation of the Hebrew text would be “to worship and obey” which is used to describe the work of the priests in the Temple.
Therefore, Adam is effectively the keeper and the priest of the Garden of Eden. His responsibility is to worship God, to have a relationship with God and to upkeep Eden by obeying God’s command, for he is not the master of the Garden of Eden but God is the master.
God then instructed the man, ‘You may freely eat the fruit of every three in the garden; except the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. If you eat its fruit, you are sure to die’. (vv. 16-17)
God created humans with a purpose to have fellowship with them. Besides, 1:28 says, God blessed human beings so that human beings will be fruitful and multiply, fill the earth and govern it. He wants human beings to have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and all creatures that move on the earth.
But at this point in time, Adam did not have someone that is of his kind to interact with and reproduce descendants. What shall be done for Adam?
Then the Lord God said, ‘It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper who is just right for him.’ (v.18)
God put Adam into a deep sleep and took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh. God used that rib to create a woman and brought her to Adam (vv. 21-22).
When Adam saw the woman, he exclaimed, “At last I found her! She is created from the bone of my bones and from the flesh of my flesh. She shall be called ‘woman’, because she was taken from ‘man’ ” (v. 23).
God could have made Eve from the dust of the ground. However, he chose to make her from the man’s flesh and bone. In so doing, he illustrated for us that in marriage man and woman symbolically are to be united into one.
And they are equal in terms of substance and status. She was not made out of his head to rule over him, nor out of his feet to be trampled upon by him, but out of his side to be equal with him, under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be beloved.
Wherever the man has a shortfall, the woman is able to help him. The man cannot fulfil his created purpose alone. The two complement each other.
Finally, God established the institution of marriage by declaring: “A man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh” (v. 24).
Marriage between a man and a woman is not just a human social construct but is rooted in the God created order. Marriage forms a physical and emotional bond. The relationship between husband and wife is the most intimate relationship that is ordained by God. Marriage and its commitments make it the most fundamental covenant relationship observed among humans.
Verse 25 say, “At that time, the husband and wife were both naked but they felt no shame.”
This indicates that the couple was open to each other. They have a mutual trust for each other. There is nothing that comes in between the two of them. They do not put up their guards against each other.
Conclusion 1:
God’s entire purpose of creation is to bless human beings so that they will live happily and blissfully on earth. Human beings are also to represent God, to govern the earth for the benefit of all creatures. They are to maintain God’s order and purpose.
They also are to expand and enhance the potentials of creation, which is to expand the harmony and blissfulness of the Garden of Eden to the whole world, so that human beings with each other and human beings with God are able to build a harmonious and intimate relationship.
However, as the creation story develops, Genesis 3 records how Adam and Eve did not manage Eden properly. Instead they fall for the serpent’s temptation and ate from the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
The tree of life represents God’s presence and provision. The one who ate of it would have everlasting life. On the contrary, eating the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil represents a human grasp for autonomy and wisdom that were God’s alone. Humans sidestepped God’s revelation as the means of moral discernment, flaunting their independence rather than submitting to God’s will. This has been the nature of sin ever since.
Choosing human wisdom over God’s instruction brings death and destruction. Human’s close relationship with God was broken. They were expelled from the Garden of Eden. They lost the blessings that were there in the beginning. They suffered ‘spiritual death’ and ultimately also suffered physical death.
Because of the sins of humankind, the world descends into painful abyss: death becomes reality; violence and struggles abound; the relationship between men and women and all human relationships is filled with tension; there is confusion between the genders; we witness environmental harm caused by unsustainable development; personal interests and lust for power leads to political persecutions, corruption, and injustice.
However, God according to his salvation plan sent His own Son, Jesus, the Second Adam, to become a human being and dwell among us. Jesus overcame the temptation of the devil, reversing Adam’s failure; Jesus bled and died on the cross to redeem the world and sinners. And Jesus resurrected from the dead so that those who believe in Him will have a new life.
Jesus Christ is like that fruit of the tree of life, broken for us, and given to us to eat. By faith we eat His flesh and drink His blood. Through Jesus Christ, we have recovered our relationship with God. We are now “resettled” again into God’s presence. The Garden of Eden reappears!
We can each freely receive the salvation given by Jesus by confessing with our mouths and believing in our hearts that Jesus is the Lord of our lives. He will forgive our sins. And bless us with life abundantly.
Conclusion 2:
Marriage in God’s created order is designed as an inseparable, exclusive relationship between a man and a woman. The family unit it creates is the basic building block of human society. Married love is thus a binding covenant commitment before God. Breaching that covenant is a crime against persons and against God, who is a divine witness to and guarantor of the marriage covenant.

Just as the first marriage took place in the sanctuary-garden, every Christ-centred family is a re-establishment of Eden. In this family who has Christ as the head, husband and wife will receive from God, the empowerment and guidance to realize God’s purpose for the entire creation, namely to attain ‘rest and safety’ in fellowship with God, the creator of the universe.

2016年4月26日星期二

I am Your Super Woman

Judges 4: 17-24

Deborah and Jael the Killer

Judges narrates the history when Israelites came out of Egypt and settled in the Promised Land Canaan for some 410 years without a king to rule them. God raised up leaders of the tribes, as "judges" to judge the internal affairs and also liberate the people from gentile oppression.

In this period, Israelite history was dominated with apostasy, moral degeneration and social disintegration. They were assimilated to Canaanite believe and values, resulted in disastrous outcomes.

Judges’ narrative follows a basic framework, namely a circle of "Israelites betray God – God put them into Gentile’s oppression – Israelites cry out to the Lord – The Lord will raise up a deliverer for his people", and this cycle spirals downward, indicating moral and spiritual deterioration over time.

After previous judge, Ehud’s death, the Israelites again did evil in the Lord’s sight. So the Lord turned them over to King Jabin, a Canaanite king. The commander of his army was Sisera. Sisera had 900 iron chariots, ruthlessly oppressed the Israelites for 20 years. Israelites did not have the know-how of making iron weapon, so they could not overcome the enemies. Then they cried out to the Lord for help.
Deborah, the wife of Lappidoth, a prophet, was judging Israel at that time. She would sit under the Palm of Deborah, in the hill country of Ephraim, and the Israelites would go to her for judgment. 
One day she sent for Barak, who lived in the land of Naphtali. She said to him, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, commands you: Call out 10,000 warriors from the tribes of Naphtali and Zebulun at Mount Tabor. And I will call out Sisera, commander of Jabin’s army, along with his chariots and warriors, to the Kishon River. There I will give you victory over him.”
Who will believe that a weak, female prophet could overcome the powerful gentile ruler?
Be Courageous and Accountable in Your Task
Barak is rather fearful of challenges ahead. He said to Deborah, “I will go, but only if you go with me.”
Barak acted like a child who needs his mother to accompany him for a daunting task.
Deborah said, Very well, I will go with you. But you will receive no honour in this venture, for the Lord’s victory over Sisera will be at the hands of a woman.”
Who is this woman, you guess?
So Deborah went with Barak to Kedesh. At Kedesh, Barak called together the tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali, and 10,000 warriors went up with him. Deborah also went with him.
 When Sisera was told that Barak had gone up to Mount Tabor, he called for all 900 of his iron chariots and all of his warriors, and they marched to the Kishon River.
Then Deborah pushed Barak again, “Get ready! This is the day the Lord will give you victory over Sisera, for the Lord is marching ahead of you.” So Barak led his 10,000 warriors down the slopes of Mount Tabor into battle. 
 When Barak attacked, the Lord threw Sisera and all his chariots and warriors into a panic. God sent the rain down (5:4), and Sisera’s chariots were stuck in the mud and swept by the torrent Kishon (5:21).
Sisera leaped down from his chariot and escaped on foot. Then Barak chased the chariots and the enemy army, killing all of Sisera’s warriors. Not a single one was left alive.
The Lord called Barak into war and he also lured Sisera into the battle field at Mount Talbot. The Lord also poured down heavy rain. Finally Israelites defeated the mighty army of Sisera. This is indeed miracle. The Lord is the real warrior and judge behind the scene. He is our refuge and strength!
Barak’s sentiment was rather complex. If he trusted the Lord, he would have gone to war straight way. If he doubted the Lord, he should decline, for even Deborah is with him, they will not win the battle.
So we can see that Barak was indecisive, timid, refuse to take up responsibility. In contrast, Deborah was decisive, courageous, willing to bear responsibility, and trusted the Lord. She accompanied Sisera to war even though she could not fight as male warrior. 
God calls man, and also calls woman. When men decline God’s calling, women will be are lifted high by God.
Jeremiah 31:22 says, “How long will you wander, my wayward daughter? For the Lord will cause something new to happen – a woman will surround a man.”
God choose women to be leaders. In fact anyone who is courageous to take up the task, be accountable, and trust in the Lord for help; he will become the over-comer in God’s kingdom. He will be used by God mightily and God will be his fortress and helper.
Exercise Your Gifting to Win the Battle
Sisera had to abandon his 900 iron chariots and ran to the tent of Jael, the wife of Heber the Kenite, because Heber’s family was on friendly terms with King Jabin of Hazor. Kenites are renowned smiths.
Jael is resourceful, courageous and decisive. She knew very well her situation and her gifting. Her husband has covenanted with Sisera. She must let Sisera to come in or else he would attack her. If she protected Sisera, when Barak arrives at the scene, she would be treated as Israelite enemy.
Jael acted swiftly and decisively. Although she lived inside the tent, she would participate in the battle. Just like Deborah, she would not be confined to a domestic role.
Jael went out to meet Sisera and said to him, “Come into my tent, sir. Come in. Don’t be afraid.” Jael played the role of a lover, giving a tempting offer. So he went into her tent.
Jael also played the role of a mother. She covered Sisera with a blanket. Sisera said, “Please give me some water, I’m thirsty.” Jael gave him some milk from a leather bag and covered him again. In this way Sisera went into deep sleep.
He told her, “Stand at the door of the tent, if anybody comes and asks you if there is a man here, say none.”
A general ought to protect women and children but now he became so weak like a child, requiring the protection from a woman. Very soon Sisera would indeed become ‘none’!
In the desert context, women carried out the task of installing the tent. So Jael is skilful in handling the hammer and tent pegs, not least Kenites were smiths.
So when Sisera fell asleep from exhaustion, Jael quietly crept up to him with a hammer and tent peg in her hand. Then she drove the tent peg through his temple and into the ground, and so he died.
Barak finally came to the scene but realised that he is late to receive the honor of killing the enemy, but in time to be the witness of such honor granted to Jael.
So on that day Israel saw God defeat Jabin, the Canaanite king. And from that time on Israel became stronger and stronger against King Jabin until they finally destroyed him.
Judges reveals that ancient Israel was a misogynist society where women were oppressed, abused and killed. But the same text also reveals that women with own unique way fought against male domination. Jael’s fatal blow to Sisera is an equalising factor in the dynamics of gender politics.

Jael worked on her gifting and was able to kill Sisera with her own hands. She took the honour from Barak. Deborah and Jael overcame Barak and Sisera. Women became the winners. God uses the unexpected way or characters to accomplish his salvation plan. 1 Cor 1: 26-28 says,

‘Remember, dear brothers and sisters, that few of you were wise in the world’s eyes or powerful or wealthy when God called you. Instead, God chose things the world considers foolish in order to shame those who think they are wise. And he chose things that are powerless to shame those who are powerful. God chose things despised by the world; things counted as nothing at all, and used them to bring to nothing what the world considers important.”

Application

Let us be courageous, decisive and accountable in taking up responsibility. We must not doubt God’s presence and bargain with God. We must not back down when given chances to serve God and receive the honour from Him. God is our helper and he will grant us success.

Let’s offer whatever we have, thought not much, God can multiply and use that to accomplish his purpose.

Let’s pray to God for discernment on our gifting and positioning. In church we have so many talented people like musician, IT specialist, designers, accounting and management, but the question remains, who is willing to offer his talents to be used by God?

Where do you plan to excel in? God’s calling is always for you to be involved in ministry. Do you see the need? Are you running away from God?

2016年2月3日星期三

Busy but not blinded

Mark 1:21—39      

Jesus busy ministering

The Gospel of Mark is known for its fast-paced narrative. There are only 16 chapters in contrast to John (21), Matthew (28) and Luke (24). In the book of Mark, the adverb “immediately εὐθὺςappears 42 times. In Chapter one itself, there are 11 mentions. For example:

v.10
And when he came up out of the water, immediately he saw the heavens opening and the Spirit descending on him like a dove.
v.12
The Spirit immediately drove him out into the wilderness.
v.18
And immediately they left their nets and followed him.
v.20
And immediately he called them, and they left their father Zebedee.
v.21
And immediately on the Sabbath he entered the synagogue.
v.23
And immediately there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit.
v.28
And immediately his fame spread everywhere.

And many more…..

The undertone in the book of Mark is “rushing”. Mark is seemingly telling the readers there is too much to do for Kingdom and time is running out! Is this scenario resembles our everyday life today?

Jesus is busy like us with so many things to do, one after another, back-to-back. Let's go through his action-packed schedule in Chapter 1:

v.21
Jesus taught in the synagogue in Capernaum.
v.23
Then cast out unclean spirit.
vv.29-31
Jesus left the synagogue, went to the disciple's house, healed Simon’s mother-in-law.
vv.32-34
Jesus left the house, about evening at sundown, people still come to Jesus and he healed them and cast out demons.

Jesus has to work overtime (about evening at sundown, people still come to him...). He is busy like us working overtime at our jobs. Mark’s description of the busy schedule of Jesus serves to remind us that we must be like Jesus, busy but not blind. But h could Jesus live a busy life yet not blinded?

Set apart a quiet time to pray to God

Firstly, verse 35 says: “And rising very early in the morning, while it was still dark, Jesus departed and went out to a desert place, and there he prayed.”

Here is the secret of Jesus’ life and work for God: he prayerfully waited for his Fathers’ instructions and for the strength to follow them. Jesus prays to the Father to maintain an intimate relationship with his Father, and receive the Holy Spirit empowerment, so as to overcome Satan’s temptation and perform mighty acts in the ministry.

Jesus in his human form sets us an example to emulate, in pursuing a close relationship with the Father through prayers and to be empowered by the Holy Spirit. He as the Son of man is the last Adam. On behalf of the human race he overcomes temptation, by being completely obedient to the Father until death, to accomplish salvation for humankind.

We can learn from Jesus that:

1
He was not too busy until he is too tired so has no stamina to pray!
2
He was not too busy until he loses direction so forget to pray.
3
He was not too busy until he is bogged down so has no time to pray.
4
However, he was so busy that he desperately needed to pray! And He got up to pray early in the morning.

Today, we are all busy working people. All the more we need to stay alert, watchful and not be blinded by the busy life we live. For this reason, we must keep a quiet time every day, even for just twenty minutes is good. In that time set apart, we can pray to God, meditate upon a Bible text or read the “Daily Bread” series, to draw ourselves to God like Jesus does.

Let us make a resolution today. Starting from now, we will keep a quiet time daily, so that we remain spiritually vibrant and alert!

Focus at completing the God-given mission

Secondly, we see that Jesus remains focused at the mission entrusted to him by His Father. Verse 37 says: “Simon and others searched for Jesus and found him, said to him: Everyone is looking for you!”

Simon and the others, instead of following Jesus they are disturbing or even ‘tempting’ him as if Satan tempted Jesus in the wilderness! They wanted Jesus to return to Capernaum where they had a day of successful and praise worthy ministry (v.28). However, Jesus’ principle of ministry is “seeking out the will of God and complete the God-given mission”.

Jesus leads a prayerful life and by virtue of that he becomes clear about and committed to his mission. Jesus is not blinded by busyness, neither the “successes” nor the “urgent requests by folks”.

Thus in vv.38—39, Jesus responded: “Let us go on to the next towns that I may preach there also, for that is why I came out.” And He went throughout all Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and casting out demons.

The disciples of Jesus apparently are obsessed by the successful ministries that took place the day before at Capernaum and the urgent requests at the doorstep now. This sense of accomplishment, honor and being wanted could make people stumbled. As a result people become blind and lost; losing grip on the purpose of life that God has for them.

Jesus is not held up by the short-term successes, sense of being wanted, neither be halted by the perceived difficulties ahead. He seeks after God's will and strives to complete the God-given mission for his entire life ministry. On the night before he died, Jesus made an astonishing claim, “I glorify you (the Father) on earth, having accomplished the work that you gave me to do (John 17:4).”

But the disciples are different. They want to "retain" Jesus, hinder his ministry, and even deter him from going on the way to the Cross. Hence, we see that Jesus was so focused in his God-given mission that:

1
He is not so busy until he can’t even breathe, then gives up his mission.
2
He is not so busy until he can’t pay the price anymore, and then reduces his work.
3
He is not so busy until he gets too engrossed with his ministry, or the praise from men, then refuses to go on the new phase or losing direction.

Conclusion:

We also have many “immediately” stuffs in our life. After this meeting at church today, we may need to rush to do something “immediately”, like: “sitting in a corporate meeting, go for class (MBA or MCS), finishing up assignments, do housekeeping, dating, business talks, closing deals, and many more “immediately”…

We ought to imitate Christ, who is so busy yet not blinded. Jesus Christ walks out from the crowd who has great expectation of him, to find a desert place to pray and listen to God. By this spiritual discipline he becomes discernible and resolute about own identity and values, and receives the empowerment of the Holy Spirit. Then he is well prepared to again walk into the crowd to proclaim the kingdom of God and finish his mission.

Let these be our commitment to God today. We are so busy, yet:

1
We still come to the presence of God daily to pray, to ask God for forgiveness of our sin, to seek out God’s will and let the Holy Spirit empowers us so that we could overcome the challenges of life.
2
We shall respond to the conviction of the Spirit; not forgetting what we have promised to God. All these are calling from God, being the mission and purpose of life that God has placed in our lives; we must be focused in fulfilling such God-given mission.
3
We shall not give up our mission nor reduce our service to God just because we are too busy.
4
We shall not ignore nor forget our mission because we are too busy and not able to pay the price.