2023年5月20日星期六

客途秋恨

 


路得记1

拿珥米与路得 

路得记总共有4章,分成4幕,第1幕出现在第1章,开头就说:

『当士师秉政的时候,国中遭遇饥荒,在犹大伯利恒,有一个人带着妻子和两个儿子,往摩押地去寄居。这人名叫以利米勒,他的妻名叫拿俄米。他两个儿子,一个名叫玛伦,一个名叫基连,都是犹大伯利恒的以法他人。他们到了摩押地,就住在那里。』(12节)

伯利恒Bethlehem是『粮食之家』,现在却闹饥荒。当中有一人名叫以利米勒,忍耐不住就带同妻子和两个儿子,整家人过了约旦河,离开应许之地,移居到东部50里外的摩押地,企图从那地获得粮食和生存机会。

以利米勒一家人要吸取摩押的丰美,粮食是有了,还受到当地人的欢迎,就定居下来。以利米勒不久后就死了,两个儿子娶了摩押媳妇,10年后两个儿子也死了。故事里全部男人一句话也没说过就死了。留下婆婆拿俄米以及两位媳妇,路得和俄珥巴。

3位女人从『母亲』变成『非母亲』,从『妻子』变成『寡妇』。她们被剥夺了赖以生存的身份地位和保障。男人们退出了,3位寡妇从幕后被推到台前,被迫面对生死别离和生活的煎熬。这是一幅灰暗、空虚、绝望的图画,充斥死亡、丧失儿子、无儿无女、后继无人。她们能够走过去吗?

抉择的力量

这时候,拿俄米听闻上帝恩待犹大,赐给那地粮食,就决定启程回归。在回归伯利恒的路上,拿俄米不准许两位媳妇随同自己回乡,对她们说:

『你们各人回娘家去吧,愿耶和华恩待你们,像你们恩待已死的人与我一样。愿耶和华使你们各在新夫家中得平安。于是,拿俄米与她们亲嘴。她们就放声而哭』(89节)

拿俄米在犹大地是没有能力照顾两位媳妇。律法禁止以色列男人娶摩押女子,而且谁会娶一个婚后10年没生子的寡妇呢?

拿俄米认为,两位媳妇留在摩押地,回到母亲的家,或者改嫁,才是上策。然而,路得与俄珥巴都不愿意舍弃婆婆而去。拿俄米接着说:

『我女儿们哪,回去吧,为何要跟我去呢?我还能生子作你们的丈夫吗?我女儿们哪,回去吧,我年纪老迈,不能再有丈夫。即或说,我还有指望,今夜有丈夫可以生子。你们岂能等着他们长大呢?你们岂能等着他们不嫁别人呢?我女儿们哪,不要这样,我为你们的缘故,甚是愁苦,因为耶和华伸手攻击我。』(1113节)

以色列有一古老律法规定,如果兄长没有后嗣就死了,弟弟有责任娶嫂子,而婚后生的第一胎男儿孩是属于哥哥的后裔,以免哥哥的产业和后嗣断绝。但现在拿俄米年纪老迈,很难再婚生孩子,纵然可以,两位媳妇也不能够等到孩子长大后与他完婚。

俄珥巴觉得婆婆的话有道理,就起身回头,回转到摩押地和她的神那里。她从此在神圣叙事里消失,永不被纪念。俄珥巴顺从环境的利害关系,但路得顺从内心抉择的力量,他坚决地对拿俄米说:

『不要催我回去不跟随你,你往哪里去,我也往哪里去。你在哪里住宿,我也在哪里住宿。你的国就是我的国,你的神就是我的神。你在哪里死,我也在哪里死,也葬在那里。除非死能使你我相离,不然,愿耶和华重重地降罚与我。』(1617节)

路得作出抉择去紧随着婆婆,也就是紧随着耶和华上帝,纵然这是违反客观环境条件。拿俄米认为自己今天遭遇坎坷是因为受到耶和华的击打,路得发誓说,若离开拿俄米就宁愿遭受耶和华的打击。

因为路得坚决地紧随婆婆而归向耶和华,使她在上帝的救赎计划里扮演重要的角色。以后大卫王的世系和耶稣基督,也是从路得而出。

从背景文化和生存机会来看,路得选择了死亡,舍弃生机;也是舍弃家庭、娘家的保障、熟悉的环境、家国身份和本土信仰,换来陌生的环境和关系的疏离。我们还留意到,她只是一个外邦人弱质女人。她没有上帝的呼召和应许,没有人在身边保护她,没有支持小组在背后,还要照顾年老的婆婆。

路得的抉择不受环境的厉害关系所左右。她『紧随』着婆婆一起共患难(16节)。这个『紧随』或联合,在其他地方翻译作『专心依靠』耶和华,包括爱他,事奉他,敬畏他,听从他的话,行他的道(申十20,十一22.十三4,三十20)。

我们的信仰旅程走到今天,随着环境和人事的变迁,我们跟随主、服事神、以及向人传福音的热忱,是否冷淡了?我们对生命的期待、热情和勇气,是否消失了?

无论是旧约或者新约,都要求神的子民“当尽心、尽性、尽意和尽力(with all your mind)爱主你的神”。这不是一时半刻的感动或情绪波动而爱主,服事主。

让我们现在向上帝立志,无论落入什么境况,我们也要坚持跟从主、服事主、以及传扬主的名!人世的苦痛,上帝的子民都尝过,不能幸免。但是在人生苦难不幸中,上帝的子民有所依靠,经历上帝的看顾保守,至终苦尽甘来,患难变为祝福。

我们来看看拿俄米这个家庭的结果如何,借此思想神是如何保守与祝福我们的一生。

活在上帝的照管之下 

拿俄米和路得抵达犹大的伯利恒,当地妇女们起了骚动和疑惑,交头接耳说,这不是拿俄米回来了吗?

拿俄米自怜地回答:『不要叫我,拿俄米,叫我,马拉吧!』(2021节)。

拿俄米认为家中的不幸,是因为耶和华降祸惩罚她。

苦难是一种考验,有人因此失去信心,意志消沉,诉苦、埋怨上帝,甚至自寻短见。我们不应当否定这种真实感受,而是要让它有正常的出路。这不一定是不属灵,没有信心的表现,反而是一个人对上帝认真,对信仰执着。我们的诉苦和埋怨催使我们去寻求上帝,奔向上帝,经历他触摸我们内心的深处,安慰我们的哀痛,医治我们的创伤,最后拯救我们脱离苦境。

拿俄米一家人也必须为本身的遭遇负责。以色列是上帝的立约下的选民,上帝应许给他们丰收和平安,而饥荒出现乃是出自试验选民的信心,或者是惩罚选民的叛逆(申八26,利二十六1420,申二十八)。 

在犹大面临饥荒困苦的时候,以色列民应当悔改,继续信靠上帝(申八120,申三十12)。以利米勒没有这么做,却是带着家人离开应许之地,去寻求摩押地的丰美。

以利米勒意思是『我的神是王』,但是他违背神的掌权,连同全家离开应许之地,迁移到摩押地。开始是寄居,但是年复一年,变成定居在那边十多年。两个儿子也娶了摩押女子为妻,违背律法(申七34)。两位媳妇没有生养,似乎印证律法所立下的惩罚(申二十八18)。最后两个儿子也仿佛因背叛圣约受到咒诅而死(利二十六2122)。

事到如今,拿俄米的生命就此盖棺论定吗?

叙述者及时地干预,将话语权从拿俄米手中夺回来,因他说:『拿俄米和她儿妇摩押女子路得,从摩押地回来到伯利恒,正是动手割大麦的时候。』(22节)

拿俄米和伯利恒的妇女肯定死亡的魔力,但叙述者突显生命,因他提出路得的名字,这名字代表绝对的委身和忠诚。路得在拿俄身边,不离不弃。拿俄米不是孤单。

人生旅途荆棘满途,困难重重,我们不是孤单的。上帝在你身边放了一位『路得』,可能是母亲、妻子、牧师、会友……。这位『路得』会在我们身边帮助你,爱护你,与你一同走过流泪谷。

还有,叙述者强调那时正是收割大麦的季节。这意味着粮食的丰盛,生命的昌盛。『路得和收割大麦』,成了两股正能量抵消死亡的能量,预示美好事即将来到。

叙述者适时的介入,宣告上帝那无形的双手托着万有,与女人同在,引领她们迈向美满幸福的未来。上帝成了缺席的在场!

路得记描述人们所面对严峻的生命冲击,包括饥荒、移居、死亡、无子,对我们一点都不陌生。我们也面对类似的困境。好像拿俄米一样,我们也是受到当下的境况所蒙蔽,但上帝看见我们人生的全貌,并且掌控一切。

上帝会保守我们,并且透过各种苦难炼净我们,乃是为了我们的益处。我们无论遇上何种境遇,总有神的美意。圣经说:『我们晓得万事都互相效力,叫爱神的人得益处,就是按他旨意被召的人。』(罗八28

上帝是爱我们的,他甚至将最爱的独生子,耶稣基督都赐给我们,为我们而死。没有任何事情可以叫我们和基督的爱隔离(罗八3839)。上帝是变幻中唯一不变的神。明天是在上帝的手中,让我们继续信靠他,坚定不移的跟从他。让我们珍惜身边的『路得』,与他携手共创光明幸福的将来。

God is Never Too Late

 


Mark 5:21-43

Jairus’ Daughter and the Woman with Bleeding

There was a person named Jairus; he was one of the synagogue leaders. His position reveals that he is a religious leader, highly respected, affluent, and God-fearing.

However, when Jairus saw Jesus, he came and knelt at Jesus’ feet. He pleaded earnestly with Jesus, “My little daughter is dying, please come and put your hands on her so that she will be healed and live.”

Although Jairus had a prominent identity, he was willing to humble himself before Jesus. However, he already had an established mindset for he instructed Jesus how to cure his daughter.

After hearing his words, Jesus followed him anyway. A big crowd also followed and pressed around him. However, unexpected things always happen during critical moments, causing plans to suffer setbacks.

A woman who had been suffering from bleeding for 12 years appeared at this moment. This is a gynaecological disease which caused women to be ritually unclean and had to be isolated. 12 years was a long period of time to suffer under the hands of many doctors, even up to the point of exhausting all that she had. It was so sad that her condition did not improve, yet became worse.

We can imagine the heavy burden this woman was carrying! Yet, when she heard about Jesus, her hope was rekindled. She came up behind Jesus in the crowd and touched his cloak, because she thought, “If I just touch his clothes, I will be healed.”

Who is this woman? She was in poverty, unnamed, unknown, and desperate. She and Jairus came from different backgrounds, but one thing they had in common: they came to Jesus to seek healing. Of course, they both have faith in Jesus.

Can Jesus help these two different kinds of people?

The woman literally squeezed into the crowd, touched Jesus’ cloak, and guess what happened? Her bleeding immediately stopped! She felt that her disease had been healed.

At the same time, Jesus realized that power had gone out from him. He turned around in the crowd and asked, “Who touched my clothes?” His disciples answered, “You see the people crowding around you, and yet you can ask, ‘Who touched me?’”

Jesus kept looking around to try and spot the woman who did it. The woman, knowing what had happened to her, became afraid because she touched Jesus’ clothes while she was unclean, which also could make Jesus unclean. She did not know that Jesus is filled by the Spirit and is able to cleanse the unclean, and at the same time will not be rendered unclean.

The woman, trembling with fear, came and fell at Jesus’ feet and told him the whole truth. Jesus said to her, “Daughter, your faith has healed you. Go in peace and be freed from your suffering.”

Actually, Jesus should be rushing to Jairus’ house, because his daughter was dying. But he stopped just to look for the person who touched his clothes and to publicly reveal the truth. As a doctor, this delay is a dereliction of duty. Jairus must be extremely anxious and could be grumbling in heart.

While Jesus was still speaking, some people came from the house of the synagogue leader, saying, “Jairus, your daughter is dead, why bother the teacher anymore?”

Can you imagine Jairus’ emotions at that instant? But right in such a collapse state, Jesus ignored them, and said to the synagogue leader, “Don’t be afraid; just believe.”

In actual fact, Jesus was asking Jairus to trust him, to have patience; there was no hurry in this matter. If you were Jairus, would you believe Jesus’ words? You could leave in anger, but you had just witnessed the healing of the woman suffering from bleeding, and this incident might help you believe in Jesus’ words.

Jairus’ plan was interrupted by the delay that Jesus caused, and it did not only result in the delay of the healing of his daughter, it also caused his daughter losing her life. Jairus’ hope was shattered!

We, the readers are curious to know; could Jairus have a turning point then? How can the mighty Jesus be so imprudent?

God’s mastery of time often makes us dismayed. Many a time, he does not operate according to our schedule and plans. God wants us to trust in him, be patient with him, and also accept the alternative plan that he provides for us.

Previously, when Jesus calmed the storm, Jesus is telling us that he allows storms to enter the lives of his followers, and this does not conflict with God’s grace and love. Here, he shows that the unreasonable delays and interruptions of life are also not in conflict with God’s grace and love.

God loves us; He knows when it is best to take action so that we can benefit the most. Under the providence of God, our lives can accommodate delays and interruptions.

Jesus brought Peter, James and John along with him to Jairus’ house. When they arrived, they saw a commotion, with people crying and wailing loudly. Jesus went in and said to them, “Why all this commotion and wailing? The child is not dead but asleep.”

And the crowd laughed at him. Jesus chased them all out, because they did not have faith. Jesus also did not want their unbelief to bring negative influence on Jairus.

Then Jesus took the child’s father and mother and the disciples who were with him, and went into where the child was. Jesus took her by the hand and said to her, “Little girl, I say to you, get up!”

Jesus touched the dead body and not be defiled. But he gave life to dead bodies. He is a life-giving Lord, for Immediately, the girl stood up and began to walk around. And she was already 12 years old.

Everyone was completely astonished. Jesus later gave them strict orders not to let anyone know about this and told them to give her something to eat. Jesus had mercy and healed the woman who suffered from 12 years of bleeding. He also had mercy and healed the precious 12 years old daughter of the rich man.

Conclusion

We see that in this episode of Jesus’ delay and interruption, both Jairus and the woman had to pay a bigger price, and at the same time also received more than what they asked for. Let me explain:

Jairus asked Jesus to heal his dying daughter. He initially thought that it was sufficient for Jesus to reach his house on time. In the end, he had to wait until his daughter died, and still had to believe in Jesus’ words, that his daughter was only sleeping. The end result was that Jesus went to his house, raised his daughter from the dead, just like waking up from a deep slumber.

The woman suffering from bleeding thought that it was sufficient to muster up courage, squeeze into the crowd, and secretly touch Jesus’ clothes, but Jesus wanted her to publicly reveal her unending unclean bleeding.

By this, Jesus wanted her to understand that it is not right to secretly be healed and then leave. This will cause her to have the superstition that the ability to be healed is controlled by her.

Instead, Jesus wanted her to reveal the truth and her identity, in order for her to know that it is faith that healed her. This faith is the beginning of her relationship with Jesus, and her life had been changed since then. There is a very big difference between being healed due to a superstitious thinking, and having a life changing experience and then following Jesus.

Through publicly revealing the truth, Jesus also confirmed to the crowd that the woman had been cleansed, and they should receive her back into the community.

Today, when you seek help from Jesus, you also need to be mentally prepared; Jesus might ask from you more than what you are willing to give, however he will also give you more than what you have asked for or can imagine.

Therefore, surrender yourself to Jesus, trust and believe that he will make things right. Jesus will lavish his grace on you in front of everyone!

Application

Many times, we do not understand why God delays in taking actions. We panic when we face unexpected circumstances or misfortunes, even up to the point of complaining against God and losing faith in God.

We also feel discouraged and depressed because our plans are interrupted or suffer setbacks.

We might not realize that this attitude shows that we are arrogant. We are not God, yet we always think that we know and master “the method and time to solve the problem”. Therefore, God often use delays and interruptions in our lives to drive away our arrogance and self-righteousness.

Perhaps you have arrived at a stage now where your life has been interrupted by unexpected circumstances? What did God delay in your life? Did you feel depressed or despair? Are you going to give up? Have you lost patience with God?

The key is that you do not know the true and best solution and schedule. The true solution -- like Jairus and the woman suffering from bleeding – is to continue trusting in Jesus and to obey his commands, never give up. Then, you will receive beyond that which you have asked for.

Jesus arrived at Jairus’ house, and he knew that the girl has truly died, but yet he said that the girl is just asleep. Jesus went to her bedside, took her by her hand, and said to her, little girl, get up. This is an intimate way of calling, just like a mother holding her child’s hand and say, “Darling, time to get up!”

Jesus confronts death – human’s most ruthless mortal enemy – with full of power and held the girl’s hand and say, with me holding your hand, death is just like sleeping! Jesus’ actions and words not only are full of power, they are also full of love. When a mother holds the child’s hand, the child will surely feel that everything is fine.

Jesus is way more considerate than our earthly parents. Today, he still holds your hand and leads you through the darkest nights and valleys. He is the ruler of the universe, the Lord who set the stars in their place. When the time comes, he will say to you, “Darling, it’s time to get up.”

What gives Jesus the ability to hold your hands and lead us across the darkest valleys?

Paul in 2 Corinthians 13:4 says, “For to be sure, he was crucified in weakness, yet he lives by God’s power. Likewise, we are weak in him, yet by God’s power we will live with him in our dealing with you.”

Paul stressed that Jesus was crucified in weakness, in order that we might live by God’s power. Jesus became weak in order for us to become strong.

To a child, there is nothing more fearful than losing grip of the parent’s hand in a crowd or darkness. However, when Jesus carried the sins of the world on the cross, God the Father let go of his hand. Jesus cried out, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”

Jesus died and descended into the dead so that we can break free from the chains of death. Jesus knew the fear of being separated from God, and that’s why once he holds our hand, he will never ever let go of us.

Jesus knows that there is only one way to the Crown of Glory, that is the way of the cross, and there is only one way towards resurrection, which is to experience death. He persevered and obeyed God the Father’s plan, step by step walking towards the cross, walked into hell and by that he became the salvation of the world.

Jesus’ healing of the woman suffering from bleeding is also a foreshadowing of his crucifixion – he lost power, in order that she gained power. He lost his life on the cross, in order that we may gain eternal life. Only through experiencing weakness and death can Jesus impart power and life into us.

We have such a powerful, loving and tender Lord. How can we give up without trusting him? How can we pester him without waiting for his guidance? How can we be impatient with him?